Alcohol is probably the main factor responsible for increased risk of head and neck cancer recorded in various countries, particularly in central and east Europe. |
Alcohol is underestimated as a cause of cancer in many parts of the world. |
Given the linear dose-response relation between alcohol intake and risk of cancer, control of heavy drinking remains the main target for cancer control. |
The most recent version of the European code against cancer recommends keeping daily consumption to two drinks for men and one for women. |
Total avoidance of alcohol, although optimum for cancer control, cannot be recommended in terms of broad perspective of public health, in particular in countries with high incidence of cardiovascular disease. |