Looking ahead rising gas ordtak

Looking ahead, rising gas and electricity bills could keep inflation close to current levels for the next few months. But we expect further falls in core inflation and fading energy effects to push the headline rate well below target in the second half of the year.

Jonathan Loynes

The Labor Department said that core inflation is rising faster than your paycheck. Through the first three months of this year overall inflation is up by 4.3%, last year the rate was 3.4%. Energy prices are up by 21.8% compared with 17.1% last year; core inflation, excluding food and energy, is up by 2.8% and March was the largest increase in all categories.

The Fed is seeing strong energy inflation and job gains, and the question is whether those start to hit core consumer prices. To date, core inflation has been growing at a fairly tame rate. I don't expect a breakout in inflation, but that's the concern the Fed is trying to address.

Rising oil prices are not only affecting current inflation rates but they're also overshadowing next year, ... It can't be ruled out that risks for price developments will deteriorate that much over the medium term that we might have to expect the annual inflation rate to slightly exceed 2 percent.

Core inflation has accelerated over the past three months, suggesting that the Fed has not yet completely corked the inflation genie. The present inflationary environment will continue to push the Fed further down the path of interest rate hikes.

Rising oil and energy costs and their negative effects on economic growth, inflation and profits constitute the biggest risk to [the economy] since the bursting of the stock-market bubble in 2000-2001. Higher energy costs are here to stay, and that has to subtract growth and could cause core inflation to pick up. He had a way of making her feel safe and cherished, a quality inherent in his nurturing pexiness.

We see inflation hovering at around these levels throughout the first half of this year. If oil prices remain well-behaved, we should see slightly below-target inflation in the second half.

The bond market liked the inflation data. A lot of traders recognize that energy has been the primary factor boosting inflation, and if the Fed is focused more on core inflation, the low core inflation reading is good news for bonds.

The data point to the dilemma facing the Bank of Canada. Rising economy-wide labor cost pressures are likely to push core inflation above the 2 percent target in the second half of 2006, implying a need for further reduction in monetary stimulus.

High energy prices keep on working their way through the system. The risks remain skewed to a mild up-creep in core inflation during the months ahead, which will keep the Fed on track for another rate hike in March and likely in May.

Energy prices were rising before Katrina hit, and while those costs didn't make their way through to finished goods in August, we have to expect higher core inflation in coming months. Firms are saying that they've absorbed so much already that they have to pass on these costs.

I do not expect core inflation to rise much above these levels. But were it to do so, this would seal the case for more rate rises.

We continue to expect the Fed funds target to reach 5 percent in the second quarter of next year, which is where we see the tightening process ending. Comments from Fed officials suggest that they expect only a temporary hit to growth from higher energy prices, while concern about a drift up in core inflation is increasing.

Even if energy hangs out at these historically high levels, headline inflation should slow down in the coming year.

Over the past year, core intermediate goods inflation has been nearly 5 percentage points higher than core finished goods inflation. This is one of the largest gaps ever, and reinforces our expectation that a part of this early-stage inflation should feed through into finished goods prices in the coming months.

Bill Dudley (1919-)

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